Data Visualizations

Land GapForest Gap

We reviewed climate pledges for all countries that are parties to the Paris Agreement. This includes 197 countries as well as the EU. From this review of pledges, it was possible to quantify the land area requirements for 142 pledges that relied on carbon dioxide removal, including land and forest restoration, reforestation, and for a very small number of countries, BECCS.

Land area pledged to CDR in country submissions to the UNFCCC

Total land pledged compared to global cropland
Total pledges requiring land-use change compared to global cropland
Parties that have submitted new pledges since the 2023 assessment
153Countries that include quantifiable land-based CDR in climate pledges
24Countries that include unquantifiable land-based CDR in climate pledges
20Countries that include no land-based CDR in climate pledges
Share of land pledged
56%Restoration44%Reforestation

Review of pledges included all NDCs and long-term strategies submitted to the UNFCCC up until the end of October 2025.

The map below shows the distribution of global land-based carbon dioxide removal pledges. It illustrates activities pledged by each country, and how significant each pledge is in comparison to existing agricultural and forested land.

The table can be sorted 1) by country and region, or to rank countries by 2) the land required to deliver land-based CDR included in country pledges, 3) the land use change incorporated in climate pledges 4) the non-land use change activities incorporated in climate pledges (land restoration) and 5) land required to deliver the climate pledge as a share of each country’s total land area, and 6) the reliance on land-based activities as a proportion of total emissions (data only available for countries with CDR pledges made in tonnes sequestered).

Russian Federation
350
-
350
20.4%
66.1%
Saudi Arabia
200
200
-
93.0%
-
United States of America
108
108
-
11.0%
13.4%
Canada
49
0.3
49
3.1%
12.6%
Brazil
32
-
32
3.8%
-
Ethiopia
28
8.2
20
24.8%
-
India
24
21
3.2
7.2%
8.9%
Australia
19
14
5.2
2.5%
27.0%
China
19
19
-
2.0%
-
Colombia
19
7.5
11
16.6%
-
Namibia
16
0.2
16
19.2%
-
Indonesia
15
-
15
7.7%
-
Democratic Republic of Congo
11
9
2
4.7%
-
Thailand
7.8
7.8
-
15.2%
-
Burkina Faso
5.9
2.3
3.6
21.5%
-
Madagascar
5.9
1.6
4.2
10.0%
−17.9%
Afghanistan
5.6
-
5.6
8.6%
-
Chad
5
1.5
3.5
3.9%
-
Equatorial Guinea
5
0.1
4.9
178.8%
139.7%
Angola
4.6
2.3
2.3
3.7%
-
United Kingdom
4.4
4.4
-
18.2%
-
Côte d'Ivoire
4
0.2
3.8
12.4%
-
Uganda
4
-
4
16.4%
0.1%
Morocco
3
3
-
6.7%
-
Cambodia
2.8
1.5
1.3
15.7%
-
Niger
2.8
0.8
2
2.2%
-
Kenya
2.2
2.2
-
3.6%
-
Uruguay
2.2
0.06
2.1
12.3%
-
Guinea
2.1
0.06
2
8.4%
-
Somalia
2.1
0.05
2
3.3%
-
Sweden
2.1
-
2.1
3.9%
218.8%
Malawi
1.9
0.6
1.3
16.0%
-
Pakistan
1.9
1.9
0.02
2.4%
4.8%
South Sudan
1.9
1.9
-
2.9%
-
Bolivia
1.7
0.5
1.2
1.6%
-
Sudan
1.7
0.8
0.8
0.9%
-
Kazakhstan
1.6
1.6
-
0.6%
-
Finland
1.5
-
1.5
4.5%
7.0%
Mauritania
1.4
0.4
0.9
1.3%
-
Ukraine
1.4
1.4
-
2.3%
-
Honduras
1.3
1.3
-
11.6%
-
Uzbekistan
1.3
1.3
-
2.9%
-
Vietnam
1.3
-
1.3
3.9%
1.0%
Zambia
1.3
-
1.3
1.7%
-
Algeria
1.2
1.2
-
0.5%
-
Italy
1.2
-
1.2
3.9%
0.9%
Nepal
1.2
1.2
-
7.9%
-
New Zealand
1.2
1.2
-
4.5%
-
France
1.1
-
1.1
1.8%
1.9%
Nigeria
1.1
1.1
-
1.2%
-
El Salvador
1
-
1
47.5%
-
North Korea
1
1
-
8.3%
-
Bangladesh
0.8
0.3
0.5
5.2%
-
Rwanda
0.8
-
0.8
30.6%
-
Cameroon
0.7
0.7
-
1.4%
-
Guatemala
0.7
0.7
-
6.6%
-
Mongolia
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.5%
14.2%
Germany
0.6
-
0.6
1.7%
0.5%
Zimbabwe
0.6
0.6
-
1.6%
-
Mali
0.5
-
0.5
0.4%
-
Nicaragua
0.5
-
0.5
3.6%
-
Poland
0.5
-
0.5
1.7%
1.0%
Senegal
0.5
0.5
0.04
2.7%
-
Spain
0.5
-
0.5
1.1%
-
Suriname
0.5
0.2
0.2
3.0%
-
Switzerland
0.5
0.5
-
11.6%
16.5%
Austria
0.4
0.4
-
4.2%
5.9%
Greece
0.4
-
0.4
3.3%
1.6%
Hungary
0.4
0.4
-
4.3%
-
Ireland
0.4
0.4
-
6.3%
-
Portugal
0.4
-
0.4
3.9%
2.0%
Romania
0.4
-
0.4
1.6%
4.2%
Sri Lanka
0.4
0.4
-
6.1%
-
Togo
0.4
0.4
-
7.2%
-
Burundi
0.3
0.3
-
12.0%
-
Cuba
0.3
0.3
-
2.3%
-
Iceland
0.3
0.3
-
2.8%
8.6%
Lao People's Democratic Republic
0.3
-
0.3
1.3%
2.2%
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
0.3
0.2
0.01
0.3%
-
Benin
0.2
0.1
0.06
1.8%
-
Bulgaria
0.2
-
0.2
1.7%
3.0%
Chile
0.2
0.2
-
0.3%
-
Dominica
0.2
-
0.2
256.7%
−29.9%
Ghana
0.2
0.2
-
1.0%
-
Haiti
0.2
0.1
0.09
7.2%
-
Liberia
0.2
0.1
0.1
2.1%
5.5%
Paraguay
0.2
0.2
0.005
0.5%
-
The Gambia
0.2
0.2
-
18.0%
-
Tunisia
0.2
-
0.2
1.0%
1.8%
Armenia
0.1
0.1
-
3.4%
-
Belize
0.1
0.1
0.01
6.2%
-
Central African Republic
0.1
-
0.1
0.2%
-
Croatia
0.1
-
0.1
1.1%
3.0%
Cyprus
0.1
0.1
-
15.3%
12.7%
Czechia
0.1
-
0.1
1.7%
0.7%
Eritrea
0.1
-
0.1
1.0%
-
Eswatini
0.1
0.1
0.005
5.8%
-
Kyrgyzstan
0.1
0.08
0.03
0.6%
4.4%
Latvia
0.1
-
0.1
1.6%
5.5%
Lesotho
0.1
0.1
-
3.9%
-
Lithuania
0.1
-
0.1
1.6%
5.2%
Moldova, Republic of
0.1
0.1
-
4.3%
-
Myanmar
0.1
0.04
0.08
0.2%
−4.0%
Panama
0.1
-
0.1
1.3%
-
South Africa
0.1
0.1
-
0.1%
-
Oman
0.09
0.09
-
0.3%
-
Slovakia
0.08
-
0.08
1.7%
1.7%
Costa Rica
0.07
-
0.07
1.4%
-
Denmark
0.07
-
0.07
1.7%
1.1%
Estonia
0.07
-
0.07
1.5%
3.2%
Fiji
0.07
0.07
0.006
4.0%
28.0%
Jordan
0.07
0.01
0.05
0.8%
1.7%
Netherlands
0.07
-
0.07
1.7%
0.3%
Tajikistan
0.07
-
0.07
0.5%
-
Jamaica
0.06
0.05
0.008
5.3%
0.2%
Serbia
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.7%
-
Belgium
0.05
-
0.05
1.7%
0.3%
Georgia
0.05
0.002
0.05
0.8%
-
Vanuatu
0.05
0.002
0.05
4.4%
-
Comoros
0.04
0.04
-
19.4%
54.9%
Dominican Republic
0.04
0.04
-
0.3%
-
Mexico
0.04
-
0.04
0.0%
-
Bhutan
0.03
-
0.03
0.8%
-
Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.03
0.03
-
0.5%
-
Sierra Leone
0.03
0.005
0.03
0.4%
-
Slovenia
0.03
-
0.03
1.7%
1.5%
United Arab Emirates
0.03
-
0.03
0.3%
-
Cabo Verde
0.02
0.01
0.006
4.0%
-
Congo
0.02
0.01
0.008
0.1%
-
Lebanon
0.02
0.002
0.02
2.1%
-
Solomon Islands
0.01
0.008
0.004
0.4%
-
Timor-Leste
0.01
0.01
-
0.8%
-
Samoa
0.007
0.003
0.004
2.5%
-
Mozambique
0.005
-
0.005
0.0%
-
North Macedonia
0.005
0.005
-
0.2%
-
Botswana
0.004
0.004
-
0.0%
-
Luxembourg
0.004
-
0.004
1.7%
0.4%
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
0.004
0.004
-
0.7%
-
Andorra
0.003
0.003
-
6.2%
4.5%
Israel
0.003
0.003
-
0.1%
-
Saint Lucia
0.003
0.003
-
4.3%
6.5%
Albania
0.002
0.002
-
0.1%
-
Djibouti
0.002
-
0.002
0.1%
-
Tonga
0.001
0.001
-
1.3%
-
Singapore
0.0008
0.0008
-
1.2%
-
Malta
0.0007
-
0.0007
2.3%
0.1%
Brunei Darussalam
0.0006
0.0006
-
0.1%
-
Mauritius
0.0006
-
0.0006
0.3%
-
Sao Tome and Principe
0.00005
-
0.00005
0.1%
-
The Bahamas
0.00005
-
0.00005
0.0%
-
Monaco
0.00002
0.00002
-
0.2%
-
Kiribati
0.00001
-
0.00001
0.0%
0.1%

Countries land-use pledges that would result in CDR were categorised into land-use change or restoration based on the activity type. No data (-) covers countries with no reference to land-based removals in their pledge; land removal activities that were not quantifiable, and countries without an NDC. Direct pledges are those where an area of land has been stated. Indirect pledges are calculated from proportion of land area or number of trees given in pledges. Emissions pledges are those stated as tonnes CO2 sequestered, and land area was calculated from activity type. Official pledges are NDCs or Long-term Strategies submitted to the UN. Unofficial pledges are other national government statements. 2025 dataset includes pledges up to October 31, 2025. 2023 dataset includes pledges up to December 31, 2023. New pledges includes all pledges from January 1, 2024 until October 31, 2025

Data current as of 31 October 2025.

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